1/9 3a step-down voltage regulator LM2576BM descripition the lm 2576bm series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switch ing regulator, capable of driving 3a load with excellent line and load regulation. these devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3v, 5v, 12v and an adj output version. requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal freque ncy compensation and a fixed-frequency oscillator. the lm 2576bm series offers a high-efficiency replacement for popular three-terminal linear regulators. it substantially reduces the size of the heat sink, and in some cases no heat sink is required. a standard series of inducto rs optimized for use with the lm 2576bm are available from several different manufacturers. th is feature greatly simp lifies the design of switch-mode power supplies. other features include a guaranteed 4% tolerance on output voltage within specified input voltages and output load co nditions, and 10% on the oscillator frequency. external shutdown is included, featuring 50 a (typical) standby current. the output switch includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions. features applications z 3.3v, 5v, 12v and adjustable output versions z guaranteed 3a output current z adjustable version output voltage range,1.23v to 37v 4% max over line and load conditions z 52 khz fixed frequency internal oscillator z ttl shutdown capability, low power standby mode z high efficiency z uses readily available standard inductors z thermal shutdown and current limit protection z wide input voltage range up to 40v z requires only 4 external components z simple high-efficiency step-down (buck) regulator z efficient pre-regulator for linear regulators z on-card switching regulators z positive to negative converter (buck-boost) tiger electronic co.,ltd
LM2576BM 2/9 connection diagrams esop-8l ordering information ordering output voltage package lm 2576bm-adj adj. esop-8l lm 2576bm-3. 3 3.3v esop-8l lm 2576bm-5 .0 5.0v esop-8l lm 2576bm- 12 12v esop-8l block diagram 3.3v r2=1.7k 5v r2=3.1k for adj version r1=open, r2=0 xx: weekly yy: output voltage
LM2576BM 3/9 pin functions +vin ?this is the positive input supply for the ic switching regulator. a suitable input bypass capacitor must be present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator. ground ?circuit ground. output ?internal switch, the voltage at this pin switches between (+vin vsat) and approximately -0.5v. to minimize coupling to sensitive circuitry, the pc board copper area connected to this pin should be kept to a minimum. feedback ?senses the regulated output voltage to complete the feedback loop . ?allows the switching regulator circuit to be shut down using logic level signals. pulling this pin below a threshold voltage of approximately 1.5v turns the regulator on, and shutdown feature is not needed, the on/off pin can be wired to the ground pin or it can be left open, in either case the regulator will be in the on condition. absolute maximum ratings (ta=25 c) * characteristic value unit maximum supply voltage 45 v on /off pin input voltage -0.3v v +v in v output voltage to ground(steady state) -1 v power dissipation internally limited storage temperature range -65~+150 c maximum junction temperature 2 kv esd susceptibility (human body model) 150 c recommended operating conditions characteristic symbol value unit supply voltage v cc 6 40 v operating temperature range -40 +125 c
LM2576BM 4/9 electrical characteristics (specifications with sta ndard type face are for t j = 25c,) parameter symbol condition min. *2 typ. max. unit device parameters feedback bias current i b adjustable version only, v out =5v 50 100 na oscillator frequency f o *8 47 52 58 khz v sat saturation voltage v sat i out =3a *4 1.4 1.8 v max. duty cycle(on) dc *5 93 98 % current limit i cl *4,8 4.2 5.8 6.9 a output=0v *6,7 2.3 ma output leakage current i l output=-1vv *10 7.5 30 ma quiescent current i q *6 5 10 ma standby quiescent current i stby on/off pin =5v 50 200 a on/off control v ih v out =0v 2.0 v on/off pin logic input level v il v out =nominal output voltage 0.8 v i ih on/off pin=5v(off) 4 30 a on/off pin input current i il on/off pin=0v(on) 0.01 10 a LM2576BM 3.3v system parameters *3 output voltagde v out 6v v in 40v 0.5a i load 3a 3.234 3.3 3.366 v efficiency v in =12v,i load =3a 73 % LM2576BM 5.0v system parameters *3 output voltagde v out 8v v in 40v 0.5a i load 3a 4.8 5.0 5.2 v efficiency v in =12v,i load =3a 77 % LM2576BM 12v system parameters *3 output voltagde v out 15v v in 40v 0.5a i load 3a 11.52 12.0 12.48 v efficiency v in =15v,i load =3a 88 % LM2576BM adj system parameters *3 output voltagde v out 8v v in 40v 0.5a i load 3a v out =5v 1.193 1.230 1.267 v efficiency v in =12v,i load =3a v out =5v 77 % * 1 absolute maximum ratings indicates limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. operating ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be
LM2576BM 5/9 functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. for guaranteed specifications and the best conditions, see the electrical characteristics. * 2 all limits guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes(bold type face). all room temper ature limits are 100% production tested. all limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard statistical quality control (sqc) methods. * 3 external components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors, and voltage programming resistors can affect switching regulator system performance. * 4 output pin sourcing current. no diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin. * 5 feedback pin removed from output and connected to 0v. * 6 feedback pin removed from output and connected to +12v for the 3.3v, 5v, and the adj version, to force the output transistor switch off. * 7 v in = 40v * 8 the oscillator frequency reduces to approxima tely 11 khz in the event of an output short or an overload which causes the regulated output voltage to drop approximately 40% from the nominal output voltage. the self-protection feature lowers the average power dissipation of the minimum duty cycle from 5% down to approximately 2%. test circuit
LM2576BM 6/9 application circuit typical low noise application information careful layout is important with any switc hing regulator. rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance generate vo ltage transients which can cause problems. to minimize inductance and ground loops, the lengths of the leads indicated by heavy lines in figure 1 below should be kept as short as pos sible. single point grounding or ground plane construction should be used for best results. when using the adjustable version, place the programming resistors as close as possible to lm 2576bm, to keep the sensitive feedback wiring short. input capacitor c in a low esr aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground pin . it must be located near the regulator using short leads. this capacitor prevents large voltage transients from appearing at the input, and provides the instantaneous current needed each time the switch turns on. selecting an input capacitor requires consulting the manufacturers data sheet for maximum allowable rms ripple current. for a maximum ambient temperature of 40c, a general guideline would be to select a capacitor with a ripple current rating of approximately 50% of the dc load current. for ambient lm 2576bm lm 2576bm
LM2576BM 7/9 temperatures up to 70c, a current rating of 75% of the dc load current would be a good choice for a conservative design. the capacitor voltage rating must be at least 1.25 times greater than the maximum input voltage, and often a much higher voltage capacitor is needed to satisfy the rms current requirements. output capacitor c out an output capacitor is required to filter the ou tput and provide regulator loop stability. low impedance or low esr electrolytic or solid tantalum capacitors designed for switching regulator applications must be used. when selecting an output capacitor, the important capacitor parameters are; the 100 khz equivale nt series resistance (esr), the rms ripples current rating, voltage rating, and capacitance value. for the output capacitor, the esr value is the most important parameter. the outp ut capacitor requires an esr value that has an upper and lower limit. for low output ripple voltage, a low esr value is needed. this value is determined by the maximum allow able output ripple voltage, typically 1% to 2% of the output voltage. but if the selected capac itor?s esr is extremely low, there is a possibility of an unstable feedback loop, resulting in an oscillation at the output. catch diode d1 buck regulators require a diode to provide a return path for the inductor current when the switch turns off. this must be a fast diode and must be located close to the lm 2576bm using short leads and short printed ci rcuit traces. because of their very fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, schottky diodes provide the best performance, especially in low output voltage applications (5v and lower). ultra fast recovery, or high-efficiency r ectifiers are also a good choice, but some types with an abrupt turnoff characteristic may cau se instability or emi problems. inductor selection l all switching regulators have two basic modes of operation; continuous and discontinuous. the difference between the two types relates to the inductor current, whether it is flowing continuously, or if it drops to zero for a period of time in the normal switching cycle. each mode has distinctively different operating characteristics, which can affect the regulators performance and requirements. most switcher designs will operate in the discontinuous mode when the load current is low. the lm 2576bm (or any of the si mple switcher family) can be used for both continuous and discontinuous modes of operation. there is a formula for general applications: (note the unit of voltage is v, the unit of current is a)
LM2576BM 8/9 characteristics curve
LM2576BM 9/9 outline drawing esop-8l unit:mm
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